Ahyan R Blog

#Hercules (USA)#SLUS_005.29

"Max Energy Bar

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"Infinity Energy

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"Infinite Sonic Sword

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"Infinite Lightning Sword

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"Infinite Fireball Sword

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"Helmet of Invincibilty

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ILUSTRASI RANGKAIAN

Daftar Bahan:

1. Arduino Uno R3

2. Motor Control Shield for Arduino (AFMotor Shield V1)

3. Bluetooth HC-05

4. 4x DC Gear Motor / TT Motor lengkap dengan ban

5. Step Down Buck Converter LM2596

6. Holder Baterai 18650 (3 slot)

7. Baterai 18650 (3 buah)

Pengaturan Tegangan LM2596:

1. Susun 3 baterai 18650 secara seri → menghasilkan tegangan total sekitar 11.1V – 12.6V

2. Sambungkan kabel dari holder:

- Kabel + (merah) → ke IN+ LM2596

- Kabel – (hitam) → ke IN– LM2596

3. Hubungkan voltmeter digital ke OUT+ dan OUT– LM2596

4. Putar trimpot (pakai obeng minus kecil) perlahan hingga voltmeter menunjukkan sekitar 9V

(boleh sedikit lebih, misal 9.2V, tapi jangan lebih dari 9.5V untuk menjaga suhu motor)

5. Setelah tegangan stabil, sambungkan output LM2596 ke Motor Shield:

- OUT+ LM2596 → ke +M Motor Shield

- OUT– LM2596 → ke GND Motor Shield

KONEKSI PIN DAN WIRING:

Power:

Holder baterai (+) → IN+ LM2596

Holder baterai (–) → IN– LM2596

OUT– LM2596 → GND Motor Shield

OUT+ LM2596 → +M Motor Shield

Motor (Sesuai Ilustrasi):

M1 → Motor Kiri Belakang

M2 → Motor Kiri Depan

M3 → Motor Kanan Belakang

M4 → Motor Kanan Depan

⚠️ Jika arah gerak motor terbalik, tukar posisi kabel pada terminal Mx

Bluetooth HC-05:

VCC → 5V Motor Shield

GND → GND Motor Shield

TX HC-05 → D0 Arduino (RX)

RX HC-05 → D1 Arduino (TX)

⚠️ RX Arduino tidak boleh disambung saat upload program. Lepas sambungan RX sementara saat upload sketch, lalu sambungkan kembali

Code Arduino:

#include <AFMotor.h>

// Deklarasi motor
AF_DCMotor motor1(1, MOTOR12_1KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor2(2, MOTOR12_1KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor3(3, MOTOR34_1KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor4(4, MOTOR34_1KHZ);

// Pin Lampu, Klakson, dan Ekstra
const int frontLights = A0;
const int backLights = A1;
const int horn = A2;
const int extra = A3;

// Variabel untuk perintah dan kecepatan
char command;
int speedVal = 255; // default 100%

// ⬇️ Variabel timeout untuk deteksi disconnect
unsigned long lastCommandTime = 0;
const unsigned long timeoutDuration = 1000; // 1 detik
bool motorsRunning = false;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);

  // Inisialisasi pin output
  pinMode(frontLights, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(backLights, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(horn, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(extra, OUTPUT);

  Stop();
}

void loop() {
  if (Serial.available()) {
    command = Serial.read();
    handleCommand(command);
    lastCommandTime = millis(); // catat waktu terakhir command diterima
    motorsRunning = true;
  }

    // Cek timeout jika tidak ada data masuk dalam durasi tertentu
  if (motorsRunning && (millis() - lastCommandTime > timeoutDuration)) {
    Stop();
    motorsRunning = false;
    // Matikan juga fitur lain kalau perlu
    // digitalWrite(horn, LOW);
    // digitalWrite(extra, LOW);
    // digitalWrite(frontLights, LOW);
    // digitalWrite(backLights, LOW);
  }
}

void handleCommand(char cmd) {
  switch (cmd) {
    // Gerakan
    case 'F': forward(); break;
    case 'B': back(); break;
    case 'L': left(); break;
    case 'R': right(); break;
    case 'G': forwardLeft(); break;
    case 'I': forwardRight(); break;
    case 'H': backLeft(); break;
    case 'J': backRight(); break;
    case 'S': Stop(); break;

    // Lampu depan A0
    case 'W': digitalWrite(frontLights, HIGH); break;
    case 'w': digitalWrite(frontLights, LOW); break;

    // Lampu belakang A1
    case 'U': digitalWrite(backLights, HIGH); break;
    case 'u': digitalWrite(backLights, LOW); break;

    // Klakson A2
    case 'V': digitalWrite(horn, HIGH); break;
    case 'v': digitalWrite(horn, LOW); break;

    // Ekstra A3
    case 'X': digitalWrite(extra, HIGH); break;
    case 'x': digitalWrite(extra, LOW); break;

    // Kecepatan
    case '0' ... '9': speedVal = map(cmd - '0', 0, 9, 0, 90); speedVal = speedVal * 255 / 100; break;
    case 'q': speedVal = 255; break; // 100%

    // Stop all
    case 'D': 
      Stop(); 
      digitalWrite(frontLights, LOW);
      digitalWrite(backLights, LOW);
      digitalWrite(horn, LOW);
      digitalWrite(extra, LOW);
      break;
  }
}

// Fungsi: Maju lurus
void forward() {
  // Semua motor maju dengan kecepatan speedVal
  motor1.setSpeed(speedVal); motor1.run(FORWARD);
  motor2.setSpeed(speedVal); motor2.run(FORWARD);
  motor3.setSpeed(speedVal); motor3.run(FORWARD);
  motor4.setSpeed(speedVal); motor4.run(FORWARD);
}

// Fungsi: Mundur lurus
void back() {
  // Semua motor mundur dengan kecepatan speedVal
  motor1.setSpeed(speedVal); motor1.run(BACKWARD);
  motor2.setSpeed(speedVal); motor2.run(BACKWARD);
  motor3.setSpeed(speedVal); motor3.run(BACKWARD);
  motor4.setSpeed(speedVal); motor4.run(BACKWARD);
}

// Fungsi: Belok kiri di tempat (berputar ke kiri)
void left() {
  // Roda kiri mundur, roda kanan maju → mobil berputar ke kiri
  motor1.setSpeed(speedVal); motor1.run(BACKWARD);
  motor2.setSpeed(speedVal); motor2.run(BACKWARD);
  motor3.setSpeed(speedVal); motor3.run(FORWARD);
  motor4.setSpeed(speedVal); motor4.run(FORWARD);
}

// Fungsi: Belok kanan di tempat (berputar ke kanan)
void right() {
  // Roda kiri maju, roda kanan mundur → mobil berputar ke kanan
  motor1.setSpeed(speedVal); motor1.run(FORWARD);
  motor2.setSpeed(speedVal); motor2.run(FORWARD);
  motor3.setSpeed(speedVal); motor3.run(BACKWARD);
  motor4.setSpeed(speedVal); motor4.run(BACKWARD);
}

// Fungsi: Maju serong ke kiri
void forwardLeft() {
  // Roda kiri lebih lambat dari roda kanan → maju ke kiri
  motor1.setSpeed(speedVal/2); motor1.run(FORWARD);
  motor2.setSpeed(speedVal/2); motor2.run(FORWARD);
  motor3.setSpeed(speedVal); motor3.run(FORWARD);
  motor4.setSpeed(speedVal); motor4.run(FORWARD);
}

// Fungsi: Maju serong ke kanan
void forwardRight() {
  // Roda kanan lebih lambat dari roda kiri → maju ke kanan
  motor1.setSpeed(speedVal); motor1.run(FORWARD);
  motor2.setSpeed(speedVal); motor2.run(FORWARD);
  motor3.setSpeed(speedVal/2); motor3.run(FORWARD);
  motor4.setSpeed(speedVal/2); motor4.run(FORWARD);
}

// Fungsi: Mundur serong ke kiri
void backLeft() {
  // Roda kiri lebih lambat dari roda kanan → mundur ke kiri
  motor1.setSpeed(speedVal/2); motor1.run(BACKWARD);
  motor2.setSpeed(speedVal/2); motor2.run(BACKWARD);
  motor3.setSpeed(speedVal); motor3.run(BACKWARD);
  motor4.setSpeed(speedVal); motor4.run(BACKWARD);
}

// Fungsi: Mundur serong ke kanan
void backRight() {
  // Roda kanan lebih lambat dari roda kiri → mundur ke kanan
  motor1.setSpeed(speedVal); motor1.run(BACKWARD);
  motor2.setSpeed(speedVal); motor2.run(BACKWARD);
  motor3.setSpeed(speedVal/2); motor3.run(BACKWARD);
  motor4.setSpeed(speedVal/2); motor4.run(BACKWARD);
}

// Fungsi: Stop semua motor
void Stop() {
  motor1.setSpeed(0); motor1.run(RELEASE);
  motor2.setSpeed(0); motor2.run(RELEASE);
  motor3.setSpeed(0); motor3.run(RELEASE);
  motor4.setSpeed(0); motor4.run(RELEASE);
}

* ⚠️upload code wajib lepas koneksi RX dari HC-05 ke mainboard, biar gak konflik.

Fitur-Fitur:

✅ Lampu depan

✅ Lampu belakang

✅ Klakson

✅ Ekstra

✅ Maju lurus

✅ Belok kiri di tempat (berputar ke kiri)

✅ Belok kanan di tempat (berputar ke kanan)

✅ Maju serong ke kiri

✅ Maju serong ke kanan

✅ Mundur serong ke kiri

✅ Mundur serong ke kanan

✅ Stop semua motor

✅ Kontrol Kecepatan Dinamis

✅ Auto Stop saat Bluetooth Disconnect

✅ Kompatibel dengan aplikasi Android Bluetooth RC Control

Lampu Depan:

LED disusun secara terpisah (paralel), masing-masing dengan resistor sendiri.

Rangkaian dihubungkan ke pin Analog 0 (A0) pada Motor Control Shield for Arduino.

Anoda (kaki panjang) LED → ke resistor 100Ω, lalu ke pin A0

Katoda (kaki pendek) LED → langsung ke GND

Jika menggunakan 2 LED, masing-masing harus memiliki resistor 100Ω sendiri.

Jika menggunakan 1 LED saja, tetap harus menggunakan 1 resistor 100Ω.

Kalau pakai LED Oranye? Bisa!

Gunakan resistor 150Ω untuk tiap LED

Disusun terpisah (paralel) sama seperti LED putih

Lampu Belakang:

Gunakan 2 LED merah bening 5mm

Disusun terpisah, masing-masing diberi resistor 150Ω–220Ω Sebelum terhubung ke pin A1

Klakson:

Untuk klason, pakai Buzzer 5V dan langsung disambungkan ke pin A2

Ekstra:

Bisa digunakan untuk lampu parkir / aksesoris lainnya pada pin A3

Gunakan LED 5mm warna bebas (merah, putih, oranye dll)

Masing-masing diberi resistor sesuai warna:

Putih → 100Ω

Oranye → 150Ω

Biru, Ungu → 100Ω–150Ω

Hijau, Kuning, Merah → 150Ω–220Ω

Susunan tetap terpisah (paralel) seperti lampu depan/belakang

Kalau tidak mau ribet, bisa beli LED 5V (kalau ada)

What is a Payload.bin File?

Google introduced the concept of A/B (Seamless) System Updates back with Android Oreo. Of course, the new update mechanism offers several benefits. For one, the updates are installed seamlessly without rebooting the phone into the recovery mode. Also, it drastically reduces post-OTA failures that could make the device unusable. XDA posted a detailed write-up on A/B partitions and how they affect the custom development scene.

How to Extract Android OTA Payload.bin File

The easiest way to use the Payload Dumper Tool to extract the Payload.bin is on a computer. However, some users might want to do it on the go, skipping the need for a PC completely. If so, there’s also a way to use the Payload Dumper tool on an Android device.

Step 1: Payload Dumper Tool is a Python program, so the first step is to download and install Python on your system.

Step 2: Open the Command Prompt on your Computer and type Python. The Microsoft Store will automatically open the download for Python. Click on Get or Install.

Step 3: Still in the Command Prompt, type pip install protobuf==3.20.*

To extract payload.bin, the protobuf you need is version 3.20.*. If you use the python -m pip install protobuf command, then the payload will be unusable and will cause an error.

Step 4: Download the latest version of the Payload Dumper Tool on your PC from this link and extract its contents to a suitable location. Upon extracting you should have a new folder named “payload_dumper”.

Step 5: Now, download the full Recovery ZIP or OTA ZIP package for your Android device. Open it using 7Zip, WinRAR, or a similar application. Then extract payload.bin to the "payload_dumper" folder.

Step 6: Open the command-line window on your PC in the ‘payload_dumper’ folder. Hold the SHIFT key and right-click on an empty space inside the folder, then select the ‘Open PowerShell window here’ option.

Step 7: Now to finally extract the Android OTA payload.bin file, enter the following command.

python payload_dumper.py payload.bin

The tool will now start extracting the individual partition images from the Payload.bin file. Once finished, you will find the extracted files inside the same “payload_dumper” folder.